Why The Government Should Restrict Gun Ownership - 1445 Words

Some people say that guns kill people. Others say that people kill people. The truth, however, is that people with guns kill people. Guns are the one of the most destructive weapons known to man and are the biggest causes of deadly casualties. Over the past decade, there have been countless gun-related deaths: homicides, suicides, and accidents. Events such as these don not only take the lives of loved ones, but they also bring tragedy to the families involved. The Federal Government should restrict gun ownership of mentally ill people and people that have criminal records in effort to reduce homicides, suicides, and accidents. The first reason why the government should restrict gun ownership is because the mentally ill can get a hold†¦show more content†¦During Lanza’s childhood he had many development challenges that interfered with his life. These challenges dealt with particularly with language, communication and sensory integration. During his early school years he had no problems whatsoever and was relatively happy. Later around fifth grade he began avoiding eye contact and became increasingly fearful. This is when Lanza was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder (Ziv). Autism spectrum disorder is a disorder where your nervous system is impacted greatly and causes symptoms of communication, difficulty with social interactions, obsessive interests, and repetitive behaviors. Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disorder characterized by unreasonable thoughts and fears (obsessions) that lead to compulsive behaviors. Obsessive compulsive disorder o ften centers on themes such as a fear of germs or the need to arrange objects in a specific manner. Symptoms usually begin gradually and vary throughout life. Another example of a deadly shooting that involved the mentally ill occurred in Aurora Colorado. This was inside of one of the movie theaters where James Holmes shot and killed multiple people he also injured a great amount of people as well. Holmes bought a ticket to the premiere of the new Batman movie being shown at Aurora movie theater. He then exited through the fire escape and then held

The Yellow Wallpaper And A Doll s House - 1793 Words

â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Anna Gilman and â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen were both written in the nineteenth century. These stories were written in a time when women were under the male dominance. The story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and the play â€Å"A Doll’s House†, have similarities both portraying women who are in search of their identity and freedom while struggling emotionally. Both of these stories share feminist characteristics and belong to the same time period when women were considered oppressed by their husbands as well as society. Each writer examines the predicament of women during this time, with each female character having special circumstances that leads them to a moment of discovery. The unnamed narrator written in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, is characterized as a demure, and obedient woman that heeds to her husband’s commands, all the while desiring the ability express herself. The narrator is married to a physician named John. John is described as â€Å"practical in the extreme† (Gilman 1892, p1) a very rational person who calculates everything before he does it. He does not give in to feelings or emotions and is therefore is unwilling to listen to his wife, when she tries to voice her concerns over her health. She is suffering from depression after the birth of her child and John refuses to believe her when she says she is sick. John, describes his wife’s condition as â€Å"temporary nervous depression—a slight hysterical tendency† (Gilman 1892, p. 2).Show MoreRelatedSafe, A Film Directed By Todd Haynes, And Charlotte Perkins Gilman s `` The Yellow Wallpaper ``1744 Words   |  7 Pagesdirected by Todd Haynes, and Ch arlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† ostensibly perfectly normal women completely lose control of their lives to illness and madness. Their lack of purpose and lack of identity causes each woman to feel as though their life is meaningless. 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The unnamed protagonist in ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ is constantly subjected to the confinement of her room much like a child would be which ultimately leads to the degradation of her mind, which can be seen towards the end of the story as she starts to see women behind the wallpaper, â€Å"Sometimes I think there are a gr eat many women behind, and sometimes only one..†. The intersection of confinement and genderRead MoreAnalysis Of Susan Glaspells Trifles: Patriarchal Dominance997 Words   |  4 PagesCastillo is based on the theme that two genders are separated by the roles they performance in society and their powers of execution. The story is about the terrible murder of Mr. Wright by his wife, and the women who found the evidence in farmer’s house decided to be silent and hide it. The women unquestionably have a strong motive to be quiet about their discovery. 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Evaluation of Remuneration and Performance Management

Question: Discuss about the Evaluation of Remuneration and Performance Management. Answer: Introduction: The current study focuses on performance management pertaining to Australian Health Service (HWA) and through different sets of metrics; an approach has been made towards facilitating a relevant piece of report regarding prevailing conditions in the HWA. In order to initiate research, multiple set of resources has been utilized in order to provide relevant and rational sets of insights. It can be inferred from the literatures available pertaining to performance management that the performance benchmark are highly fluid in nature. This is owing to the fact that the benchmarks tends to vary based upon industries and economies that they have been based upon. The current paper tends to evaluate the prevalent sets of organizational strategies pertaining to HWA with those that have been construed as benchmarks as regards to academic literature. There is an emphasis upon reviewing and analyzing the existing sets of theories and models pertaining to human resource management, performance mea surement and organizational capabilities amongst others. It can be construed that employees tends to be the most essential asset pertaining to any form of organization irrespective of the fact that such organizations belong to the public or private sector. The primary objective pertaining to the HWA comprises of enhancement of capacity pertaining to workforce, both in the context of domestic and international contexts taking into account different sets of issues emerging out of health workforce. Moreover, the organization also aims towards enhancement of policy regulations, procurement of funds and the arrangements pertaining to employees that enable the supportive reforms. The commitments reading facilitation of workforce performance management tends to be complex when large number of employee is contained in the overall workforce of the organization. There seems to have high degree of pertinence as regards to the databases that tends to facilitate the fact the governmental organizations performance metrics tends to be derived out of non-financial features. There seemed to be high degree of pertinence as regards to the different sets of factors affecting employee motivation, employees inherent sets of values and employees work ethics as regards to the public and private sector organizations. It is to be conceded by the fact that large sets of employees that the HWA tends to cater to require a highly coherent degree of management (health.gov.au, 2016). Due to the enormous degree of complexity concerning getting employee feedbacks, insights into the different sets of motivational factors that tend to get affected through the different sets of services to be expected to be delivered by the HWAs organizations amongst others. Background: In terms of performance pertaining to HWA, the organization tends to be facilitating enhancement of productivity pertaining to delivering health services as can be observed through facilitating cystomer care service for the aged. Moreover, in order to gauge the degree of performance pertaining to the department, it ie required to be noted that over $12 billion were spent with regards to the funding different sets of healthcare facilities (health.gov.au 2016). Moreover, the organization facilitated development in regards to pharamaaceutical testing, taking drastic steps as regards to primary and mental therapies amongst others. It is also relevant to be noted the fact that the employment opportunities coupled with the evaluation and screening processes has a substantial degree of non-alignment in case of private and public sectors. HWA tends to be dependent upon financial management, personnel management coupled with deliverance of services. There has been four sets of metrics as rega rds to performance management, they comprise of engagement pertaining to team, supervisor engagement, job engagement and agency engagement. There seems to be a visible set of emphasis upon HWA in order to facilitate recruitment of graduate employees in terms of health force. Moreover, the organization tends to undertake different sets of screening programs that facilitates high degree of data as re in order to suffice the necessity towards channeling prospective employees. The needs for governments pertaining both developed and emerging economies is towards focusing upon implementing better set of reforms pertaining to public administration, better sets of governance and policy implementation that is backed by high performing workforce. Evaluation of management and organizational strategies: The organizational strategies pertaining to department if healthcare tends to cater to different sets of issues pertaining to providing the different citizens of Australia with health care as well mitigation different set of health risks. Moreover, the department focuses towards implementation of good governance practices in healthcare through regulating the state of health care along with overseeing the services offered by medical practitioners. In order to facilitate service efficiency pertaining to healthcare the organization has undertaken steps such as increasing of evaluation pertaining to medical practices under a period. There are numerous set of parameters as regards to performance evaluation. The primary overview pertaining to framing the performance evaluation policy tends to cater to accountability in terms of performance from lower level of employees to the board members, a relevant degree of accountability policy, escalation processes facilitating recovery of function r ecognition. The organization tends to focus upon multiple set of strategies in order to fulfill its objectives pertaining to facilitation of employment. The primary sets of strategies pertaining to HWA comprises of equipping the health departments in healthcare facilitates with adequate sets of healthcare professionals, nurses, wardens and other facilities coupled with operational facilities. Thereby resulting in a paradigm whereby the workforce section is enabled to contribute towards facilitating the organization towards meeting its objectives. Moreover, through enhancement of the healthcare services that is prevalent in the nation along with improvising departments capabilities, the overall objective of HWA towards servicing the nation through better sets of medical and healthcare facilities. In terms of defining high performance, it can stated that there is no particular set of metrics defining as to what is high performance, there is a sense of fluidity as regards to organizations and industries. Performance metrics tends to vary from industry to industry and sector to sector. For instance, the performance metrics as regards to financial revenue generations tends to vary based upon public sector and private sector undertakings, between emerging markets and developed markets amongst others. The standard of value cannot serve as true performance indicator owing to the inconsistency that it faces as regards to different sectors. High performances has multiple ways of attainment, couple of them can be inferred to be maintenance of an humanistic approach along with an approach that is enabled through rationality. In case of making assumption as regards to humanistic approach, it can be inferred that that performance enhancement of human resources can be facilitated through i nvestment in softer aspects of the human psyche. Moreover, Cappelli and Keller (2014) stated that in order to improve the performance of employee, there ought to be an initiative towards inculcating values onto the employees, betterment of work ethics through several sets of awareness programs. Further, amongst the employees there shall have to be awareness regarding the performance metrics, its specifications, its methods of awarding degrees amongst others coupled with providing financial ands non-financial rewards. There is a substantial degree of distinction between public sector and private as regards to performance management (Burke, Noblet and Cooper 2013). The major forms of distinction arising out of such instance come from the fact that in case of private sector, financial performance is construed as the sole set of metrics (Chalofsky, Rocco and Morris 2014). Where in case of public sectors, non-financial parameters are given more preference when evaluating performance. This can be attributed to the fact that since majority of the revenues pertaining to the government sector arises out of tax revenues. Thereby there is less emphasis upon revenue generation through other means and more upon proper allocation of such revenues into essential sectors such as defense, administration amongst others. The alignment pertaining to the organizations objectives with that of the individual capabilities are construed as relevant in order to facilitate improvements pertaining to human resources in an organizational framework. However, even though the public sector does not emphasize upon the financial metrics in evaluating performances, there is a high degree of emphasis upon cost efficiency. HWAs policies regarding performance management tends to be undertaken through the different sets of datas regards There is a clear-cut visibility regarding the alignment of strategy, systems and processes prevalent in case of HWA. Moreover, it is construed that from a humanis tic perspective, HWA has fulfilled the assimilation of capabilities, cooperative mindsets, relationships and networking amongst others. Evaluation of performance management and alignment: In terms of performance management, it can be construed that the participation by both public and private sectors is aimed towards optimizing the system and prevalent sets of procedures. The role relating to governance is relevant in case of facilitating performance as regards to the achieving and further maintenance of high performance of human resources. The advent of multilevel sets of framework as regards to the high performance management can have multiple ramifications. It can be construed as a development in terms managing workforce performance in general and high employee productivity in particular. The development of performance metrics pertaining to the employees of high performance governance paradigms is based upon the premises that organizational architecture requires to facilitate high growth performance (Chalofsky, Rocco and Morris 2014). Numerous set of factors tends to determine the degree of performance management pertaining to HWA. Primary amongst them can be construed as the degree of adaptability, the quantum of mutuality, the presence of co-ordination, understanding and the capability towards streamlining high degree of improvement in performance management. In terms of strategic capabilities, the department has initiated steps as regards to encouraging policy makers towards undertaking steps that facilitates expoloring innovative sets of heakth practices, nursing and pharmaceutical remedies presented. Moreover, the department has initiated adaptation of operating model that tends to facilitate assimilation of grants and programming functions. Further, the organization has initiated steps as regards to enhancing the quantum of links pertaining to the Health Network and policy-program management. In terms of performance management, analysis regarding the degree of alignment shows the fact that the strategic prio rities pertaining to better healthcare outcomes, minimizing the average rate of readmissions pertaining to the medical care etc. There have been several sets of sub-goals pertaining to the proposed sets of reforms pertaining to the enhancement of overall degree of performance management (Chalofsky, Rocco and Morris 2014). The goal that tends to set parameters as regards to the performance metrics comprises of emphasis upon deliverance, creation of better sets of services amongst others. HWA uses performance metrics in order to maintain orientation towards fulfillment of organizational aims. Moreover, HWA has been able to showcase through their entry exit surveys pertaining to the employees that behaviors of the employees have been aligned with that of the organization strategy. Gerhart and Fang (2014) stated that organizations tends to succeed in cases whereby there is a presence of line of sight coupled with placement of set of employee with right set of skills at right set of time. Alignment of reward management with practice research: The reward management practices that tends to highlight the fact that employee that are properly encouraged and are inculcate sets of values tends to display high degree of contribution (Hutchinson 2014). They are more likely to participate highly into the different sets performance enhancing activities. Thereby, it can be construed that through a culture of non-financial rewards such as recognition coupled with performance-based incentives, it can be sorted that the different sets of holistic approaches as regards to reward management can be undertaken. In terms of motivational culture, rewards system tends to play a significant role. There is a large set of emphasis upon the psychosomatic effect pertaining to the rewards as regards to the psyche of the employee belonging to organization. Moreover, it can be construed that in terms of value recognition there exists a trade off as regard to effectiveness regarding financial and non-financial rewards. Strong recognition culture tends to encourage motivation as can be showcased by the numerous sets of literature that tends to be facilitated through different set of data. The reports that tends to be published through different sets of academic journal and articles tends to facilitate the fact that there seems to be positive correlation pertaining to encouragement provided through rewarding and the subsequent degree of performance. Integration pertaining to HWA: The linking of performance with that of rewards system tends to result in enhancement in the degree of performance owing to the additional sets of motivation received towards improvement. Hvidman and Andersen (2013) stated the fact that employee motivation is determined by the sets of inherent values that the employee has inculcated prior to joining the organization, the values that is infused into from the prevalent work atmosphere of the organization. Moreover, coupled with the set of values there seems to have a high degree of affinity by the employee in particular and workforce in general in order to respond to different sets of financial and non-financial incentives. McCarthy and Hammond (2013) states in the context of employee performance, the degree of alignment between the objectives of the employee and that of the organizations strategies tends to determine the degree of performance that can be gathered through the employees. Moreover, the method of incentivizing and effectiveness of such incentivizing tends to differ based on the organizational context (Shields et al. 2015). For instance, in case of banking and financial sector, rewarding the employees tends to comprise of high quantum of financial bonus disbursements. Whereas, on the other hand in case of not for profit organization, the emphasis is more upon recognition and non financial rewards as providing awards and recognition based on non financial metrics. In case of governmental organizations through the world, there can be observed a disparity between the employee performances and employee incentives. Part of it arises out of the fact that several factors such as revenue generation primarily done through tax collection tends to result in less emphasis upon financial ramifications facilitated by employee performance and more upon facilitating of employee to the qualified citizens. Moreover, the lack of financial metrics as regards to performance, as can be observed in case of majority of governmental organizations (Van Dooren, Bouckaert, and Halligan, 2015). Moreover, there tends to be ambiguity as regards to the effectiveness of metrics currently deployed at the HWA with regards to employee performances obligations. In comparison large sets of conglomerates that tends to employ similar number of employee has put in place large degree sets of performance measurement metrics based upon departments. In case of HWA, there seems of to be a lack of relevant sets of modifications in metrics as regards to the different sets of population that it caters to in terms of medical facilities, h ealthcare amongst others. Moreover, it is also worth noting that any form of governmental organizations tends to rely less upon the degree of data and more upon the ramifications that tends to arise from minimal standards pertaining to performance. Governmental employees in general are subjected to lesser sets of valuation pertaining to the data. The lack of productivity in case of private organizations can result in financial failures and in some instance bankruptcy and liquidation (Van Dooren, Bouckaert, and Halligan, 2015). However, in the context of governmental organization there seems to be lesser degree of probability as regards to liquidation. This is due to the fact that majority of them are service based and does not tends to have high degree of emphasis upon financial results but rather upon streamlining deserving candidates onto public services. This in turn tends to relieve the management of HWA from implementation of rigorous sets of performance measures. Moreover, there is no linking as regards to financial performance of the populations that are being served through the department health served by HWA. Rather linkages are based upon facilitating employment opportunities pertaining to different sets of citizens that fall under different categories and are distinctive. Such distinction concerns the mode of technology used heightening of participation by Australians, protection and regulations pertaining to the community health and safety. There seems to have high degree of relevance as regards to the different sets of coat effective patient cares that are to be facilitated trough implementing newer sets of technologies. Moreover, there can be high degree of relevance pertaining to different sets of databases owing to the fact that the employee management pertaining to HWA seem to be lacking high degree of emphasis as regards to the different sets of performance management metrics as regards to HWA. Performance and reward management evaluation and effectiveness: Multiple ways of dealing with the different sets of factors tends to be dealt with regarding the different set of factors. In case of low performers, there has to be a milder approach as regards employee management (Wiesel and Modell 2014). The degree of performances as regards to the different sets of low performers can be evaluated through a proper identification mechanism where metrics pertaining to attendances, the quantum of work uploaded and the different degree of databases can be observed. In terms of several sets of academic studies that have conducted upon organizations it is to be construed that the low performing employees of the organization tends to be inculcated high degree of databases. The primary reason as regards to the low degree of performance tends to derive out of the fact that large sets of employees are bereft of any degree of necessity to excel. This is owing to their inherent nature, their perspectives as regards to work ethics and large sets products as re gards to the databases. There has been many instances whereby it has been stated that there remains high degree of probability that low performing employee tends to voluntarily contribute to the overall turnover. There requires being emphasis to bring in place reforms pertaining lowering of targets, constant sets of guidance and high degree of data as regards to the different sets of prospects (Osborne, Radnor and Nasi 2013). It can be inferred from the HR theories that in terms of performance management pertaining to the different sets of medium performing employees that there has been an instance whereby the medium performing employees can be provided incentives. This can be done in instances pertaining to both the different sets of factors resulting out of providing of financial bursaries and high degree of non financial rewards in the form of formal recognition and guidance coupled with an awareness program pertaining to the various degree of data bases. There have been instances whereby the different degree of encouragement programs pertaining to medium performing employees has been considered to be effective (Siddiquee 2014). In other contexts, the performance pertaining to the employee can be construed to be relevant and thereby newer sets of motivational strategies through occasional sets of organizational bursaries can be construed as relevant. There have been instances whereby the managerial emphasis required to be evaluated through large sets of productive and prospective sets of performance enhancement measures. Thereby, it can be construed by the fact that there has been instances that the company tends to be resurrected through the academic perspectives pertaining to the data bases. There has been instances whereby the employees are provided adequate sets of incentives but despite that they have not been able to showcase high degree of performance (Subramony and Pugh 2015). It can be construed that there has been instances that bereft of any additional sets of incentives the employees have performed well. Thereby, there appears to be a sense of ambiguity as to which path to take in order to tackle high degree of employee mismanagement and low-level employee performance. There remains employee management schemes whereby large sets of performance metrics can be implemented coupled with facilitation of large sets of data. However, as per the academic theories and models coupled with practical application pertaining to employee management, performance management amongst others there can be high degree of instances. Conclusion: It can be construed from the overall assessment of HWA that the organization tend to have performance management measures in place for enhancing the overall degree of performance based on several paradigms. The different sets of metrics showcased by the HWA however relates to the fact that a large number of amendment pertaining to the workforce management has to be undertaken by the organization. Primary amongst them being, the inclusion of analytics in an enhanced manner to facilitate newer sets of insights onto the different determinants and factors regarding performances (West and Blackman 2015). Moreover, as can be gauged by the current set of literature pertaining to the organizational strategies relating to healthcare, aligning perspectives as regards to the objective of the organization and that of the employees and performance measurement measures there are several factors to be taken into account for HWA. The evolvement of the organization owing to its size and prerogative on employee performance in the larger context rather than the on financial an cost cutting measures has in turn resulted in a considerable degree of ambiguity as to whether the benchmarks that has been set by the organization has in turn been justified . The performance benchmarks, as per available set of academic literature, tend to be varying largely based on the context of the organization. Thereby, despite several sets of performance metrics and benchmarks implemented by HWA, there remains a relevant set of requirement for reviewing the processes and bringing in newer sets of evaluating metrics for enhancement of insights. There can be several sets of database modifications such as bringing in newer sets of behavioral analytics and data analytics tools that are used by private and Multinational Corporation in order to gauge performances onto the HWA framework. The humanistic approaches pertaining to the human resource management have displayed numerous set of evolvements. In terms of the rewards management parameters set by the organization, it would have been beneficial for the linking of performance with financial and non-financial rewards. This is owing to the fact that what is practiced in the private sector would have resulted in better sets of encouragement for the employees for HWA. Governmental organizations, historically has shown an inherent degree of inefficiency that tends to be facilitated through a non profit motive of some of departments pertaining to the government. Recommendation: In terms of performance management, it can be seen that the department has been successful towards facilitating best healthcare facilities pertaining to Australian Citizens. The feedback pertaining to the patients coupled with degree of evaluation can be construed as irrelevant. In terms of data pertaining to the aforementioned issues, it can be inferred that different sets of performance metrics are related to facilitating different sets of effective management, patient care, and regulations etc. The overall sets of performance management have limited degree of relevance pertaining to the overall growth and well-being of the organization. The factors and determinants relevant for the organization goes beyond the realm of performance management, such as sustainability in growth prospects, well being of workforce. References: Burke, R.J., Noblet, A. and Cooper, C.L. eds., 2013.Human resource management in the public sector. Edward Elgar Publishing. Cappelli, P. and Keller, J.R., 2014. Talent management: Conceptual approaches and practical challenges.Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav.,1(1), pp.305-331. Chalofsky, N.F., Rocco, T.S. and Morris, M.L., 2014.Handbook of human resource development. John Wiley Sons. Gerhart, B. and Fang, M., 2014. Pay for (individual) performance: Issues, claims, evidence and the role of sorting effects.Human Resource Management Review,24(1), pp.41-52. Hawke, L., 2012. Australian public sector performance management: success or stagnation?.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,61(3), pp.310-328. Head, B.W. and Alford, J., 2015. Wicked Problems Implications for Public Policy and Management.Administration Society,47(6), pp.711-739. health.gov.au, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/annual-report2015-16-cnt1/$File/department-of-health-annual-report-2015-16.pdf [Accessed 13 Nov. 2016]. Hutchinson, S., 2014, July. The importance of communication in fulfilling the strategic role of HRM. InMeeting the Challenge of Human Resource Management: A Communication Perspective(p. 16). Routledge. Hvidman, U. and Andersen, S.C., 2013. The impact of performance management in public and private organizations.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, p.mut019. Legislation.gov.au. (2016). Australian Public Service Commissioner's Directions 2013. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2013L00448 [Accessed 12 Nov. 2016]. McCarthy, A.M. and Hammond, M., 2013, January. Understanding Public Sector Leadership Effectiveness: Do Multiple Perspectives Matter?. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2013, No. 1, p. 16900). Academy of Management. Nica, E., 2013. Organizational culture in the public sector.Economics, Management and Financial Markets,8(2), p.179. Osborne, S.P., Radnor, Z. and Nasi, G., 2013. A new theory for public service management? Toward a (public) service-dominant approach.The American Review of Public Administration,43(2), pp.135-158. publicsector.sa.gov.au, (2016). [online] Available at: https://publicsector.sa.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/20160304-Reward-and-Recognition-Good-Practice-Guide.pdf [Accessed 12 Nov. 2016]. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., Robinson, J., O'Leary, P. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Siddiquee, N.A., 2014. The Government Transformation Programme in Malaysia: A Shining Example of Performance Management in the Public Sector?.Asian Journal of Political Science,22(3), pp.268-288. Spekl, R.F. and Verbeeten, F.H., 2014. The use of performance measurement systems in the public sector: Effects on performance.Management Accounting Research,25(2), pp.131-146. Subramony, M. and Pugh, S.D., 2015. Services management research review, integration, and future directions.Journal of Management,41(1), pp.349-373. Van Dooren, W., Bouckaert, G. and Halligan, J., 2015.Performance management in the public sector. Routledge. West, D. and Blackman, D., 2015. Performance management in the public sector.Australian Journal of Public Administration,74(1), pp.73-81. Wiesel, F. and Modell, S., 2014. From new public management to new public governance? Hybridization and implications for public sector consumerism.Financial Accountability Management,30(2), pp.175-205.

What Is Truth Essays - Philosophy, Theories Of Truth,

What Is Truth? What is Truth? Truth exists and is an absolute. Contrary to the mush-minded meanderings of modern educators, truth is not relative. If my truth differs from your truth that can only be because either one or both of us is unaware of the truth and has called something true which is not. Truth must have not the slightest touch of maybe to it. Maybe is dishonesty to truth and if it touches truth, then truth becomes maybe. Truth is more and beyond that which is true. Truth is a concept in philosophy that treats the meaning of true and the criteria by which we judge the truth or falsity in written and spoken statements. For thousands of years, Philosophers have attempted to answer the question ?What is Truth Truth is the quality of being true, and anything that is true is a truth, the concept of truth is uncommonly complex and variable. Thoughts, ideas, beliefs, and opinions are said to be true or false. An idea makes a truth claim and is true when the character of what is thought about upholds its claim. Forms of words or statements are also said to be true or false. This can be explained by saying a set of words is true when it expresses a true thought. ?Truth? should be replaced by the ?facts?, ?reality? or the ?way things are.? Truth is often imagined as consisting in a speaker's honesty with respect to what he believes. Occasionally truth is rehashed, as in the doctrines of the German philosopher Gottlob Frege. Mohandas Gandhi spoke of ?The Absolute Truth, the Eternal Principle, that is God? and said, ? I worship God as Truth only.? Jesus said, ? I am the Way, and the Truth, and the Life.? God is truth and the essence of it. All of his ways are truth and all truth stands or falls as it is measured against Him. If we love truth and seek after it, we cannot help but run into the outstretched arms of God. He wants us to know the truth, which is to know him. God places the truth before us and gives us complete freedom to choose how to respond to the truth. If we turn to God and ask him to instruct us in the truth and to lead us to salvation, we will surely receive that which we ask because our prayer will be in line with God's desire for us. The word truth is mentioned in the bible 235 times. Philosopher's proposed four main theories to answer the ?What is Truth question. They are correspondence, pragmatic, coherence, and deflationary theories of truth. Plato developed the earliest version of the correspondence theory. He sought to understand the meaning of knowledge and how it is acquired. Plato wanted to distinguish between true and false belief. His theory was based on intuitive recognition that true statements correspond to the facts, while false statements do not. A 20th-century British philosopher Bertrand Russell and Plato recognized this theory unsatisfactory because it did not allow false belief. Both Russell and Plato stated that if a belief were false because there is no fact to prove it to be true, then it would be a belief about nothing, or not even a belief at all. Each then thought that the grammar of a sentence could offer a way around this problem. But how, they asked, are the parts of a sentence related to reality? One suggestion is from the 20th-century philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. He stated that the parts of a sentence relate to the objects they describe much like the way the parts of a picture relate to the objects pictured. But false sentences pose a problem. If a false sentence pictures nothing, there can be no meaning in the sentence. The correspondence theory of truth is really no more than an expression of how the word ?truth? is defined. Some criticisms focus on an epistemological problem that is involved in knowing whether or not a proposition does indeed agree with the facts. We clearly do classify propositions as true or false in everyday life, but we cannot securely do so on the basis of their correspondence to reality.

What Is a placebo

What Is a placebo A placebo is a procedure or substance with no inherent medicinal value. Placebos are often used in statistical experiments, especially those involving pharmaceutical testing, in order to control the experiment as much as possible. We will examine the structure of experiments and see the reasons for using a placebo. Experiments Experiments typically involve two different groups: an experimental group and a control group. The members of the control group do not receive the experimental treatment and the experimental group does. In this way, we are able to compare the responses of members in both groups. Any differences that we observe in the two groups may be due to the experimental treatment. But how can we be sure? How do we really know if an observed difference in a response variable is the result of an experimental treatment? These questions address the presence of lurking variables. These kinds of variables influence the response variable but are often hidden. When dealing with experiments involving human subjects we should always be on the lookout for lurking variables. A careful design of our experiment will limit the effects of lurking variables. Placebos are one way to do this. Use of Placebos Humans can be difficult to work with as subjects for an experiment. The knowledge that one is a subject of an experiment and a member of a control group can affect certain responses. The act of receiving a medication from a doctor or nurse has a powerful psychological effect on some individuals. When someone thinks they are being given something that will produce a certain response, sometimes they will exhibit this response. Because of this, sometimes doctors will prescribe placeboes with therapeutic intent, and they can be effective treatments for some issues.   To mitigate any psychological effects of the subjects, a placebo can be given to the members of the control group. In this way, every subject of the experiment, in both the control and experimental groups, will have a similar experience of receiving what they think is medication from a health professional. This also has the added benefit of not revealing to the subject if he or she is in the experimental or control group. Types of Placebos A placebo is designed to be as close to the means of administration of the experimental treatment as possible. Thus placebos can take on a variety of forms. In the testing of a new pharmaceutical drug, a placebo might be a capsule with an inert substance. This substance would be chosen to have no medicinal value and is sometimes referred to as a sugar pill. It is important that the placebo mimic the experimental treatment as closely as possible. This controls the experiment by providing a common experience for everyone, no matter which group they are in. If a surgical procedure is the treatment for the experimental group, then a placebo for the members of the control group could take the form of a faked surgery. The subject would go through all of the preparation and believe that he or she was operated on, without the surgical procedure actually being performed.

The Difference Between Good and Bad Writing

The Difference Between Good and Bad Writing Here are 10 writers and editors, ranging from Cicero to Stephen King, offering their thoughts on the differences between good writers and bad writers. 1. Dont Expect It to Be Easy You know what, it is so funny. A good writer will always find it very hard to fill a single page. A bad writer will always find it easy. (Aubrey Kalitera, Why Father Why, 1983) 2. Master the Fundamentals I am approaching the heart of this book with two theses, both simple. The first is that good writing consists of mastering the fundamentals (vocabulary, grammar, the elements of style) and then filling the third level of your toolbox with the right instruments. The second is that while it is impossible to make a competent writer out of a bad writer, and while it is equally impossible to make a great writer out of a good one, it is possible, with lots of hard work, dedication, and timely help, to make a good writer out of a merely competent one. (Stephen King, On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft, 2000) 3. Say What You Think A bad writer is a writer who always says more than he thinks. A good writerand here we must be careful if we wish to arrive at any real insightis a writer who does not say more than he thinks. (Walter Benjamin, journal entry, Selected Writings: Volume 3, 1935-1938) 4. Reach for the Best Word It is the misuse and overuse of vogue words that the good writer must guard against. . . . It is extraordinary how often you will find vogue words accompanied in the same sentence by pretentiousness or sloppiness or other signs of sickness. No motorist is to be blamed for sounding his horn. But if he sounds it repeatedly we are not only offended by the noise; we suspect him of being a bad driver in other respects too. (Ernest Gowers, The Complete Plain Words, revised by Sidney Greenbaum and Janet Whitcut, 2002) 5. Order Your Words The difference between a good and a bad writer is shown by the order of his words as much as by the selection of them. (Marcus Tullius Cicero, The Oration for Plancius, 54 B.C.) 6. Attend to the Details There are bad writers who are exact in grammar, vocabulary, and syntax, sinning only through their insensitivity to tone. Often they are among the worst writers of all. But on the whole, it can be said that bad writing goes to the roots: It has already gone wrong beneath its own earth. Since much of the language is metaphorical in origin, a bad writer will scramble metaphors in a single phrase, often in a single word... Competent writers always examine what they have put down. Better-than-competent writers- good writers- examine their effects before they put them down: They think that way all the time. Bad writers never examine anything. Their inattentiveness to the detail of their prose is part and parcel of their inattentiveness to the detail of the outside world. (Clive James, Georg Christoph Lichtenberg: Lessons on How to Write. Cultural Amnesia, 2007) 7. Dont Fake It In the course of a fairly long work, there are bound to be impasses. The writer must backtrack and choose other alternatives, observe more, and sometimes have bad headaches till he  invents something. Here lies the distinction between a good writer and a bad writer. A good writer does not fake it and try to make it appear, to himself or the reader, that there is a coherent and probable whole when there isnt. If the writer is on the right track, however, things fall serendipitously into place; his sentences prove to have more meaning and formative power that he expected; he has new insights; and the book writes itself. (Paul Goodman, Apology for Literature. Commentary, July 1971) 8. Know When to Quit Everyone who writes strives for the same thing. To say it swiftly, clearly, to say the hard thing that way, using few words. Not to gum up the paragraph. To know when to quit when youve done. And not to have hangovers of other ideas sifting in unnoticed. Good writing is precisely like good dressing. Bad writing is like a badly dressed woman- improper emphasis, badly chosen colors. (William Carlos Williams, review of Sol Funaroffs The Spider and the Clock, in New Masses, August 16, 1938) 9. Lean on Editors The less competent the writer, the louder his protests over the editing. . . . Good writers lean on editors; they would not think of publishing something that no editor had read. Bad writers talk about the inviolable rhythm of their prose. (Gardner Bots ford, A Life of Privilege, Mostly, 2003) 10. Dare to Be Bad And so, in order to be a good writer, I have to be willing to be a bad writer. I have to be willing to let my thoughts and images be as contradictory as the evening firing its fireworks outside my window. In other words, let it all in- every little detail that catches your fancy. You can sort it out later- if it needs any sorting. (Julia Cameron, The Right to Write: An Invitation and Initiation Into the Writing Life, 2000) And finally, heres a cheerless note to good writers from English novelist and essayist Zadie Smith: Resign yourself to the lifelong sadness that comes from never  ­being satisfied.

Recruitment and retention plan for entry level officers Research Paper

Recruitment and retention plan for entry level officers - Research Paper Example Recruitment means evaluating the psychological profile, mental ability and physical conditioning of a candidate. Once an applicant is selected, they undergo training and further evaluation to assure the capacity to perform up to rigorous standards of duty. Important to the process is a retention element. Keeping good employees saves the effort to find new ones. In conclusion, the recruitment process must be vigorous and detailed in order to attract, train and keep the best candidates for these vital and potentially dangerous positions of public trust. Recruitment Plan: Police Department Service The police service is looked upon as the source of a highly important helpful activity- the protection of life and liberty. Thus, a successful recruitment plan must overcome any recruit’s perceived career limitations with the following incentives: a purposeful job, a stimulating set of responsibilities, a collegial working environment, reasonable pay and benefits, opportunities for care er advancement, and job security. (Bailey, 1995, p. 513) The key to a successful recruitment plan is to attract the most qualified candidates.

First paper- about Mr.Sir. Second paper- about Stanley Yelnats. Last Essay

First paper- about Mr.Sir. Second paper- about Stanley Yelnats. Last two paper summery of the book HOLES' - Essay Example It can be said that he is selfish man as once after a nine hour cross-desert journey he didn’t offer the driver anything to drink while drinking water in full view of Stanley. He is always carrying a gun so that he doesn’t miss a chance to gun-down the yellow spotted poisonous lizards. He keeps reminding the boys that Camp Green Lake is not a ‘Girl Scout Camp’; this is a type of catchword used by him. Mr. Stanley Yelnats: He is the focalcharacter of the novel. Stanley is a fifteen years old overweight boy who doesn’t have any friends at school and is always intimidated by his classmates. His family was cursed by a gypsy named Madame Zeroni after which the Yelnats had a history of bad-luck. Stanley believes that it is because of this curse he ended up in the wrong place at the wrong time. Even though his family is poor they always look at the brighter side of life and remain optimistic. Stanley is sent to the juvenile detentioncenter as he was accused of stealing a pair of shoes.The warden of the detention center believes that digging holes in the hardened soil will help build the character of the boys at the camp therefore the boys at the camp spend the whole day digging five feet deep holes in the hardened earth. ... The power of their bond of friendship benefits Stanley to develop the characteristics of courage, contentment, self-assurance and physical strength. SUMMARY Stanley was being sent to Camp Green Lake, adry place in Texas where young boys were penalized for character building, after being wrongly accused of stealing shoes belonging to a baseball player. His family has a history of bad-luck because of an old curse originating from his fore-fathers. Stanley believes that as a result of the curse he faced the misfortune of being accused which resulted in him being sent to the juvenile detention and correction facility for behavioral adjustment. However unlike the name, there is no lake there and the boys spend each day digging five foot deep holes in the sunbaked, hardened and dried lakebed. The warden at the camp believes that this would help the boys build their character however the ulterior motive behind this was to find the hidden treasure belonging to the legendary Kissin’ Ka te Barlow. While digging one of the holes Stanley finds a golden lipstick with the mark K.B etched on it however as Stanley doesn’t know anything about the treasure he gives the tube to another boy to give it back to the Warden. Seeing the lipstick tube the warden asks the boys to dig desperately in the area where she assumes the item was found whereas only Stanley knows where he found it. At the camp Stanley befriends the least popular boy named Zero (Hector Zeroni). One day Zero confesses to Stanley that he is uneducated and it was because of his fault that Stanley is imprisoned. After hearing this he decides to teach him but on a condition that Zero has to help him in digging the holes. Their friendship upsets the other boys at the camp and this result in

Nations Essay Example for Free

Nations Essay The debate over a national bank raged on for many years. These two selections illustrate the raging debate between two of the nation’s most vocal politicians. They illuminate a common theme throughout American history, namely the debate surrounding the strength of the federal government. To be sure, the focus is on the creation of a national debate, but the underlying debate about federalism underlies much of early American history. Thomas Jefferson’s states rights approach to government could not be more evident in this selection. Jefferson expresses concerns about affording too many powers to the national government. Per Jefferson’s usual rhetoric, he makes the threat of a totalitarian regime seem almost guaranteed. Jefferson cites the Constitution to show that those duties not specifically given to the federal government ought to be given to the states. Hamilton takes the contrary view. He suggests that all powers not given to the states should logically fall back to the national government. Alexander Hamilton was a staunch supporter of a strong national government and his quest for a national bank is perhaps the apex of his political leanings. Hamilton concludes that interpreting the Constitution liberally allows for service of the public good. These documents combine to underscore the fiery passions of the men deciding the course of the nation. To this day, the debates over the federal government’s powers rage on. Now we see debates about the re-regulation or de-regulation of industry, the ability of the federal government to legislate on a variety of social issues, and the role of legal preemption. Some debates never die down, they simply change form. In these pieces we also see the formation of a clear political ideology that will characterize political debates between the nation’s two major political parties: Democrats and Republicans. States rights and federal powers underlie much of the current political debates seen in the papers and on television. Jefferson is taking what would now be characterized as a Republican position, supporting less federal involvement in favor of giving states the right to decide their own policies. The formation of the Republican Party began years ago with debates much like this. The Democratic Party prizes a strong national government that looks out for the citizenry. Alexandria Hamilton cites the popular Democratic mantra of â€Å"public benefits. † One can see this rhetoric in debates over national health care policies and education policy. To think, early on these issues defined a nation and were not afterthoughts in larger partisan battles. This is perhaps where Jefferson was correct. He may have been quick to jump to conclusions about tyranny, but it may have been that bombastic rhetoric that kept society cognizant of what was at stake. The historical record is replete with a deeper understanding of issues that is so often lost in today’s world of sound bites, press conferences, and blogs. Jefferson and Hamilton’s speeches illustrate just how important the basic concept of life, liberty, and justice were. They also illustrate how these ideas are forgotten in today’s debates. Jefferson and Hamilton represent two opposing forces in American history. The debate over a national bank was the focal point of this debate for some time. The national bank debate represents a window into the past that can illuminate the present. Federalism is still a significant concern today.

The Cruel and Bitter Miss Havisham in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens :: Great Expectations Charles Dickens

The Cruel and Bitter Miss Havisham in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens At one point in the novel, Dickens tells the reader that Miss. Havisham was a wonderful, beautiful woman and is considered to be a great match. In contrast, when the reader first meets her she is a frightful old woman who cares about nothing but herself. She is determined to live her life in self-pity and seek revenge on all men. In the novel, Great Expectations by Charles Dickens, Miss Havisham is established as a cruel and bitter old woman trapped in the past, nearly a century ago, when she was abandoned on her wedding day, and is now raising an adopted daughter to seek revenge on all men by breaking their hearts however, near the end of the novel when she converses with Pip about his love for her daughter over the years, it is evident to her after that she has made a dreadful mistake and changes most drastically before she dies. "I had heard of Miss Havisham up town-everybody for miles round had heard of Miss Havisham up town as an immensely rich and grim lady who lived in a large and dismal house barricaded against robbers and led a life of seclusion." Even before meeting Miss. Havisham the reader is introduced to her and has an idea of what she is all about. Anyone who lives secluded from society for years is going to be considered eccentric. The town perceptibly gossips about her since everyone has heard of her. The first time Dickens has the reader meet Miss. Havisham is through Pip. The young boy is told to go visit her and play and as he sees the house he describes it in bleak detail. As he is led to Miss. Havisham through the dark halls by her daughter, Estella, the tone of the house is set. There are cobwebs, antique furniture, and clocks all stopped at twenty minutes to nine. Finally Miss. Havisham is introduced. She is seen in her once white, now yellow, wedding dress. All of this description, the old house, the clocks, the wedding dress, explains how Miss. Havisham was left on her wedding day many years ago and that was when her life stopped. She even says as Pip is leaving, "There, there! I know nothing of days of the week; I know nothing of weeks of the year. Come again after six days. You hear?" Dickens creates the house and Miss. Havisham as a unity. The condition and aspect of the house shows the gloom in her mind. The way the house is dark is just fuel for her desire to seek The Cruel and Bitter Miss Havisham in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens :: Great Expectations Charles Dickens The Cruel and Bitter Miss Havisham in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens At one point in the novel, Dickens tells the reader that Miss. Havisham was a wonderful, beautiful woman and is considered to be a great match. In contrast, when the reader first meets her she is a frightful old woman who cares about nothing but herself. She is determined to live her life in self-pity and seek revenge on all men. In the novel, Great Expectations by Charles Dickens, Miss Havisham is established as a cruel and bitter old woman trapped in the past, nearly a century ago, when she was abandoned on her wedding day, and is now raising an adopted daughter to seek revenge on all men by breaking their hearts however, near the end of the novel when she converses with Pip about his love for her daughter over the years, it is evident to her after that she has made a dreadful mistake and changes most drastically before she dies. "I had heard of Miss Havisham up town-everybody for miles round had heard of Miss Havisham up town as an immensely rich and grim lady who lived in a large and dismal house barricaded against robbers and led a life of seclusion." Even before meeting Miss. Havisham the reader is introduced to her and has an idea of what she is all about. Anyone who lives secluded from society for years is going to be considered eccentric. The town perceptibly gossips about her since everyone has heard of her. The first time Dickens has the reader meet Miss. Havisham is through Pip. The young boy is told to go visit her and play and as he sees the house he describes it in bleak detail. As he is led to Miss. Havisham through the dark halls by her daughter, Estella, the tone of the house is set. There are cobwebs, antique furniture, and clocks all stopped at twenty minutes to nine. Finally Miss. Havisham is introduced. She is seen in her once white, now yellow, wedding dress. All of this description, the old house, the clocks, the wedding dress, explains how Miss. Havisham was left on her wedding day many years ago and that was when her life stopped. She even says as Pip is leaving, "There, there! I know nothing of days of the week; I know nothing of weeks of the year. Come again after six days. You hear?" Dickens creates the house and Miss. Havisham as a unity. The condition and aspect of the house shows the gloom in her mind. The way the house is dark is just fuel for her desire to seek

Problems in implementing a self-regulation system: the case of a young advertising industry Essay

Advertising can be both beneficial and harmful to the consumers. However, in the perspective of kids, they might think that advertising is good, essentially when they get into contact with something that entices them. Honestly, advertising is bad for kids. The primary objective of the advertisers is to market their products for people to buy. Besides, if we are happy with the way things are, then we develop less interest to buy. This is the secret of the advertisers; they subtly try to make the consumers unhappy so that the chances of buying advertised goods get facilitated. The advertisers develop mechanisms to persuade the consumers to buy the products. In many occasions, most of what the advertisers are selling are images or a lifestyle rather than the product itself. Average Americans gets exposed to 3, 000 advertisement per day, thus, by the time of graduation in high school, and they will have watched 350, 000 television commercials. In the bulletins of the commercials, the con sumers still have to go through the photo-shop besides putting ton makes ups from the advertisers. Therefore, it is an illusion of their real appearance. Advertisement is done on television, radios, internet, billboards, cellphones and magazines. As Higgins, (2008) put it, advertising is a legalized lying. This is standing the truth because some of the products advertised provide different information to the real product. For advertisement targeting at boys, they develop the notion that violence is the answer to making fun among them. However, for girls, they show that dolls and makeup is their interest. According to ZÃŒÅ'abkar & JancÃŒÅ'icÃŒÅ', (2004) as a young girl sees advertisement for makeups, the information derived is to advise them to try the product and that provides comfort for them at young age. Advertising makes kids lose their creativity and imagination. Hence, the more they get exposed to advertisements, the more they develop an addiction and instead of creating time to play and socialize with peers, they rather get glued inside watching television which is unhealthy. According to research evidence, 16 percent of the ki d are overweight and need to play because they are inactive. Televisions continually brainwash many kids with advertising.Advertising is an important institution because it provides the required information and knowledge about the products and services. However, ethical standards in advertisement must be observed. Many ethical concerns have been raised by myriad stakeholders in the company of advertising. Ethics, mostly referred to as the domain of inquiry is a discipline in which matters of wrong and right, virtue and vice, good and evil are systematically examined. Advertisement ethics examines advertising morality and advertising systematically. Advertising of toys, none violent games and sugar loaded focuses on the children who are the highest consumers in the market. Besides, decisions on advertisement are about making morally right decisions. The morality of advertisement includes all parts of sourcing of product quality and pricing. Scholars have viewed ethical behaviour in d issimilar ways; however, it is based on the experiences and personal values (Taylor, 2008). Ethical advertisement forms the marketing strategies of the company. However, it all counts on the company objectives and what they know is expected by the consumers in the product. Theoretical Approach to Ethics in Advertising             The publication of the affluent society provided influential and important critique of advertising. It argues that businesses concentrate on generating rather than focusing on consumer satisfaction. The approach claims that the company system has assumed sufficient power and size to render the consumer on making personal decision such as what and how much is produced. Ideally, this characterizes the revised sequence-a categorical denial of the accepted sequence of the independence of the consumer, which accords the economic system power to the individual. Besides, the modern industrialized countries had an effectively planned economy ruled by large corporations with minimal respect to the interests of the public. Galbraith also observed the massive expenditures for creating a huge scale. Elsewhere, in 1958, Packard’ populist work titled the hidden persuaders brought moral concerns about consumer manipulation.Besides, Bentham on his personal argument would o ppose advertisement. The utilitarianism theory, however do not offer a clear-cut opposition for advertisement. He asserts that he greatest happiness of the greatest number gets determined by the consulting the hedonic calculus. Therefore, it is of fair reasoning that the advertisement is bad for the kids. However, he argues that if greater happiness is achieved through advertisement, then there is no harm. But the consequence is what counts. Based on the utilitarianism advertisement is harmful to kids due to its unhealthy consequences. On the other hand, Kant would declare in no certain terms are advertisement beneficial for the kids. What is wrong is wrong†¦period. The theory argues that it is wrong because it translates to dishonesty. Advertisement on kids is cheating them and treating the kids as end agent. As Kant puts it, this violates the categorical imperative (Kopf, 2009). Besides, the advertising consequences are irrelevant in determining the ethical or unethical of th e advertisements. Dishonesty is dishonesty and advertisement to kids is immoral. The duty of an individual is to tell the truth, to be honest in the information given.Mumel, Pisnik, Horvat & Makovec, (2013) explain the Rand theory by noting that he would oppose advertisement since it compost of dishonesty, however not on deontological grounds. Besides, dishonesty is harmful since it has dire consequences on the lives of the consumers especially the kids. Providing false information in the advertisement is dishonesty because it is a pretense that the product is not what is advertised. Besides, refusal by the industry system to perceive the facts I like shutting the eyes of the consumers to reality. According to the theory, advertising is unethical because advertising to kids operates to destroy and negates the objective and necessary reason for promoting the consumer’s lives. Dishonesty denies the consumers the efficacy to make individual decisions thus depends on other people’s opinions. According to Rawls, he would conclude that advertisement is unjust, period. Advertisement is harmful since it violates the principle of equal liberty of minimal economic and social inequality. Therefore, according to Rawls, it is ethical to raise a person from poverty to security than to provide the individual with an equal amount of wealth or societal well-being. Ethics, he argues, requires financial gain sacrifices in order to hold justice for the consumers who are least advantaged. According to his theoretical work, he insists that what is wrong is wrong. It is wrong due to its dishonesty. Conversely, the advertisement industry is cheating the kids with their advertisements. Conclusion             Advertising is widely bombarded by critics. Besides, it is accused of promoting consumption and materialism, using sex cell, stereotyping, of causing people to buy the product they need, manipulating consumer behaviour or of taking advantage of children and overall it contributes to the downfall of the social system. The advertisement critics abound. Since hardly a week can go without some company or advertisement or the advertising industry being focal point of controversy. Even if the consumer argues it out that they hold the sovereignty of the economy, the industry of advertisement does not provide an ethical justification of the traditional marketing theory. The emergence of ethical concerns in organizations is a complex phenomenon that incorporates social interaction and individual interpretation. Theorizing about ethics needs to reflect and match the complexity References Higgins, N. (August 20, 2008). Advertising ethics. New Scientist, 199, 2670.)Kopf, D. A. (2009). Marketing, information and economic growth.Mumel, D., Pisnik, K. A., Horvat, M., & Makovec, N. (January 01, 2013). What are the characteristics of a good ad for children aged 9 to 12? Creator’s and parents perspective. Marketing Theory Challenges in Emerging Societies.Taylor, G. (August 20, 2008). Advertising ethics. New Scientist, 199, 2670.)ZÃŒÅ'abkar, V., & JancÃŒÅ'icÃŒÅ', Z. (January 01, 2004). Problems in implementing a self-regulation system: the case of a young advertising industry. Economic and Business Review, 6, 2.) Source document

Impact of ICT on an Adult in Employment, Including the Effect on Working Style Essay

Anything people have made could be called technology, but usually people think of advances in using scientific knowledge and applying it to a practical use, like creating photovoltaic cells or wind turbines. Technology interested in examples of a specific technology in use, such as the â€Å"internet† or â€Å"Decision Support Systems†. Technology can solve most of our problems and everything which we are using in our live for example: radio, television, computers, internet, mobile phone, and†¦ These are called technology. We use technology in different places too for example: at home, in offices, business, shops, or so on. Different people give Different people will give it different meaning depending on their viewpoint and context. The role and impacts of technology in both our personal and lives are ever growing. Technology is about taking action to meet a human need rather than merely understanding the workings of the natural world. We can define Technology like this: A body of knowledge used to create tools, develop skills, and extract or collect materials; the application of science (the combination of the scientific method and material) to meet an objective or solve a problems called Technology. Aim: In this study I am going to tell about the life of John: John is a engineer and he is 52 years old he has 22 years experience and he is a businessman and he use different technologies for his work and for his life he use the following technologies: – E – mail – Mobile Phone – Laptop Computer And also I am writing about the life of John which how does the technology affect on his life and how this technology change his life, because John said that 20 years ago I have not any Mobile Phone, e-mail address and Software, which I have now, and he said that since 5 years the technology has changed my life and I can not do my works without these technologies. E-mail – introduction: E-mail, short for electronic mail, is a system in which a computer user can exchange messages with other computer users using a communications network. To use e-mail, you must have access to a computer that is linked to the outside world, via a modem, phone line, or fiber optic cable (Ethernet). Sending e-mail is similar to sending postal mail, with some very important differences: 1. E-mail is thousands of times faster. A message can go from Illinois to Australia in seconds! 2. E-mail is free on campus-there is no â€Å"postage† cost to students. 3. E-mail is not as private as a regular letter. 4. E-mail does involve learning how to use computer programs. 5. Also, E-mail requires us to have a â€Å"sign-on† to the electronic mail system, and this usually involves having a password, too. 6. E-mail can be sent to many people at the same time, and you can participate in on-going discussions on many subjects at the same time. 7. E-mail can access information and file libraries, we’ll send a message and get a document or pictures back within minutes. 8. E-mail often contains typos and misspellings because it is so easy to produce and send. How/why he uses E-mail personally? John uses e-mail to send his report to the company that he is working for at the time and to send or receive photographs over the internet. Sending reports over the internet saves a lot of time and is an easier method of communicating than through the post. Before he got the internet he used the post to send the report to the company. He use the internet to inform his partners, and when he fine an offer he can send an e-mail to all of his colleague to inform those and some times he sent some maps of homes from his own e-mail to other colleague, and also he use e-mail to sent some photos and videos too, and he said: that I am not always use my e-mail to my own work I use my email for enjoying and sending messages for my Childs, wife, friends and to my families too. What is the advantages/disadvantage of e-mail? John said that E-mail Advertising, as effective as it is has both advantages and disadvantages. It is useful to be well aware of both sides of the coin as one embarks on the use of e-mail for their marketing and advertising, and he is also that the good news is that the advantages of e-mail advertising are numerous and far outweigh the few disadvantages. The advantages of e-mail which effect on his life these are in the following: 1. It’s faster. He received email almost immediately after it is send, usually within minutes. 2. It’s more conversational. Because of its immediacy, a whole series of e-mail messages maybe he exchanged within a very short time. As a result, email messages tend to be less formal and they are also usually shorter and more to the point. 3. Because e-mail is so new, he has no hard and fast rules about what may be said in a message. These rules are evolving because of his increased use of email, as well as the advent of new technology that continually affects how he applies it. And he also said that e-mail does not have just advantages it has disadvantages too, now I am writing about the disadvantages of e-mail which effect on John life: 1. As he has seen, one of the biggest disadvantages of email is the capability for misunderstanding. Email has some other disadvantages as well. It can be used to talk to more than one person at a time, but the means for doing so can be a bit cumbersome. At its core, email is a one to one communication medium. Email requires active participation, and he has to check his email to get messages. If he does not check his email, he will never know that somebody has contacted him. 2. Too much e-mail can lead to management problems with his in-box being overwhelmed by mail. 3. Due to its informal nature it is easy to his to ignore-unlike communication on the telephone or mail. Which things E-mail contain? * Inbox: An area in his mail memory that holds received messages that have not been read or processed. * Drafts: When he saved some documents in his e-mail address, the files and documents which he saved before he can find in Drafts. * Sent: The mails which he sent this sent item will tell him which files, letters, documents and images he sent. * Spam: Internet spam is one or more unsolicited messages, sent or posted as part of a larger collection of messages, all having substantially identical content. * Trash: rubbish and worthless material that is to be disposed of. * Contacts: All his friends, families, workers and someone else that John knows them he can save all his e-mail address in contact and then can see their emails easily and early when he wants. * Calendar: We all know about meaning of Calendar, calendar is a system of organizing days for a socially, religious, commercially, or administratively useful purpose. * Notepad: Some important sentences that John want to save them Notepad is the place that he can save them all their. If John didn’t have E-mail, how would it affect his job? John said: if I didn’t have e-mail address then I would lose my business, because I have lots of workers in my business I can see every one and telling all of them about their jobs, so the easiest way for me is that I am sending all of them and receiving the responses of them, and also by using my mail I can sent some maps and places and directions for my workers, and I am informing them, also I am using my mails to sent and receives from my family, and friends too. Mobile Phone – Introduction: A Mobile Phone (also known as a Cellular Telephone) is defined as a ‘portable electronic device for the purpose of telecommunications over long distances’. Most current mobile phones actually connect to a cellular network of base stations (the cell sites themselves) which overlap to yield coverage and which also link to the standard landline public switched telephone network. It should be noted that mobile phones are distinct from household cordless telephones which generally operate only within range of a dedicated base station (though the distinction is blurring with mobile phones that can link via Bluetooth to a home internet base station). It should be noted, however, that the term mobile phone can refer to any type of mobile telephony device and also includes satellite phones and radio phones. Most phones has camera which we can take photos, and record some videos too. How/why he uses Mobile Phone? John use mobile phones to be connect with his family, children, and wife and with his friends. And he uses his mobile phone in office and to his business to inform his workers and to be in touch with the peoples which he works. He also uses mobile phone to send videos, photos, messages for every body which he wants. He uses different things that his mobile contain and the following things his mobile phones contain: Messages, Contact, Alarm, Calendar, Fun box, Reminder, Call register, Tones, Profiles, Calculator. He uses Messages to send document and messages for his family, friend, wife and sons. He uses Alarm to wake up morning early for his job. And the calendar which his Mobile Phone contain he known that what date is today and which day is today. And his mobile phone has reminder to remind him sometimes which he forgot some works. And some times the times which he filling board he is going to Games which it mobile has and Playing some games, and his mobile phone has internet too that he can go too internet and see his mails and another things which we can do it on internet and he said that I am glad and I am filling too good cause I can solve my lots of problems with using the mobile phone. What are advantages/disadvantages of mobile phone when he use? Advantages of using mobile phone: 1. He can take it with him whom he didn’t miss important calls. 2. He doesn’t have telemarketers bugging him at dinner time. 3. If he has car trouble or an accident he can call for emergencies. 4. He can take the pictures of accident or any things else by his mobile phones. 5. If he is finding for somewhere he can call for directions. 6. If he goes to store and wants to buy something he can use his mobile phone for more details or for more information. 7. He can use his mobile phone to see his mails and some sides. 8. With integrated phones and their features, making his life much easier no matter what kind a profession or age a person is. 9. Mobile phone doesn’t have to call, he uses his mobile phone for the following things too: camera, music player, features, emailing, document editor and so on. Disadvantage of using mobile phone: 1. John said: I had an accident, because when I was derived I talked with my wife. 2. Most of time he missed lots of important calls when he forgot his mobile somewhere. 3. His mobile phone need charges for using it, therefore this is very boring and sad for John to charge it every day. 4. When John has some meeting often his mobile phone disturbs him during his works. How good is it at fulfilling his personal needs? John has got a new version of mobile phone called (Nokia N95), which is the most technically advanced smart phone ever! Complete with satellite navigation, a 5 mega pixel camera with auto focus, 3G video calling, with 8 GB chip, that his Nokia N95 contain. And the following things which his mobile phone includes they are most likely to fulfilling his personal needs. Some times John is recording with his phone everywhere and anything which he wants and can get images too. The Nokia N95 has almost everything else he could use them to fulfilling his needs: * Music Player with support for all common music formats. * A stereo FM radio. * Integrated hands free speaker. * Speaker independent voice dialing. * Talking ring tones. * HSDPA (the fast data transfer technology dubbed â€Å"3.5G†). How good is it at fulfilling his social needs? John use his mobile phone to be always in touch with his friends, workers, families, and businessmen and another ways to develop social and communication called text which he uses most of times. Texting is particularly important in maintaining contact with a wide social network – allows him to maintain social bonds even when he do not have the time, energy, inclination or budget for calls or visits. Texting re-creates the brief, frequent, spontaneous ‘connections’ with members of our social network that characterized the small communities of pre – industrial times. And also John hasn’t always thinks about himself but he is helping people too and sometimes he teach some students in universities too for helping and some people calling him to solve their problems, and this is the easiest way for him to talk with lots of people without meets them. One of the most dangerous of mobile phone is that when he is driving some times he picked up phone and it can cause accident which he did before. How does John use mobile phone at work? Often John uses his mobile phone to be in touch with his family, friends he is not using his mobile phone at office, but he has an office phone which is called handheld mobile phone. And handheld mobile phone is working same like mobile phone but it doesn’t need any chip just he connected his handheld mobile phone on socket which needs electricity and he has three of these. And this handheld mobile phone is cheaper than mobile phone when he called somewhere and John is saying that he made me too much busy therefore I can’t do my works clearly and with good mind. He is using his mobile phone at office too, because some times handheld mobile phone is busy, then he uses he mobile phone he wants, and this is the biggest advantages of mobile phone. John said: when I have bought mobile phone I filled too much comfortable, and my business also day by day increasing and I have got too much money. Laptop Computer – Introduction: I am writing a brief introduction about laptop computer and the kind of things which most of laptop computer (note books) contain: A laptop is a portable personal computer that is of a size that it can sit on our lap. Or we can define it like this: Laptop (or notebook PC) is a portable computer that can be battery or mains powered. They provide flexibility beyond the standard PC but often at a significant price premium. Laptop and desktop have big different and both of them are mixture words. Laptop means we sit it on our lap, and desktop means we sit it on desk. Laptop contains the following major features: * Keyboard: Keyboard layout is often sacrificed. The home, End, Page- Up and Page Down keys may not be dedicated, requiring that we hold down the Fn key at the same time. This can be very cumbersome if we use these keys a lot. Function keys and cursor keys are often made smaller, and one keyboard feels better than another. * Screen Resolution: Today, laptops use high-quality active matrix LCD screens. However, the built-in display system also feeds an external monitor for desktop use or a data projector. * External Display & keyboard Connectors: Connect a full-size CRT and keyboard for home/office. Even if we like our laptop keyboard, we may want to use an external one with our external monitor, so that both units are positioned comfortably. A full-size keyboard can be connected through the external keyboard port or USB port. * Built-in Pointing Device: Either a touchpad or pointing stick is built into the laptop. There are differences. A regular mouse is always an option and connects via the mouse port or USB port. * Expansion: Expansion is a little more critical with laptops than with desktops that have extra bus slots and drive bays. However, nowadays laptops all have PC Card (PCMCIA) slots and USB ports, making them very flexible. * Batteries: Lithium ion batteries do not suffer from the â€Å"memory- effect† of older nickel cadmium, and to a slightly lesser extent, nickel metal hydride. * Multimedia: All laptops today have built-in speakers and generally include an optical drive (CD-RW, DVD-ROM or DVD-RW). DVD drives typically support all CD read and write modes as well. A removable drive offers more flexibility for upgrading later. * Weight: Seven pounds does not sound like much until we lug it around all day. To reduce poundage. Sub notebooks use external floppy. CD and DVD drives. One of the first time laptop in 1983, Tandy’s Radio Shack division launched the Model 100 micro Executive Workstation. It weighed only four pounds and included a built-in word processor, name and address list and modem. The Model 100 was inspiration for the huge portable market that followed. Laptop computers generally cost more than desktop computers with the same capabilities because they are more difficult to design and manufacture. A laptop can effectively be turned into a desktop computer with a docking station, a hardware frame that supplies connections for peripheral input/output devices such as a printer or larger monitor. Laptop usually comes with displays that use thin-screen technology. The thin film transistor or active matrix screen is brighter and views better at different angles than the STN or dual-scan screen. Laptops use several different approaches for integrating a mouse into the keyboard, including the touch pad, the trackball, and the pointing stick. A serial port also allows a regular mouse is attached. The PC Card is insertable hardware for adding a modem or network interface card to a laptop. CD-ROM and digital versatile disc drives may be built-in or attachable. How/why he uses laptop computer personally? After all, today’s laptops have just as much computing power as desktops, without taking up as much space. He can take a laptop on the road with him to do his computing or make presentations. Perhaps he prefers comfortably working on his couch in front of the TV instead of sitting at a desk. A laptop is a full-blown, genuine computer that can do anything a desktop computer can do. John can do programming, word processing, spreadsheets, databases, accounting and multimedia presentations. The portability of laptops allows him to do many things that he cannot do with a desktop. He can write his sales proposal, article or business presentation while traveling on a plane or commuting on the bus or train or subway. What is Laptop computer’s memory? Laptops have memory, both RAM and ROM, just like desktops. The laptop’s ROM chip contains the BIOS just as it does in a desktop computer. RAM stores the application software and data files while the computer is on. RAM differs on a laptop in that it uses a different form facto – that is, the size and shape of the modules that carry the RAM. Manufacturers have to build laptops to be portable (smaller) and to withstand more jostling (durable) than a desktop would ever get, so the memory modules have to be different. While some laptops use a standard Small Outland Dual Inline Memory Module (SODIMM), others use the manufacturer’s proprietary memory modules. Most laptops should have at least 64 MB of RAM to have sufficient memory to run operating systems and applications software. Also, some laptops allow him to upgrade the memory of his computer and come equipped with convenient access panels to plug in additional memory chips. What is Laptop computer’s Disk Drives? Like desktop, laptops have various disk drive storage devices. All laptops have an internal hard disk drive, usually 6 to 20 gigabytes (GB). The hard disk drive stores operating systems, application programs and data files. Although the hard disk drive works the same in a laptop as it does in a desktop, laptops generally have less disk space than desktops and he will have fewer choices for hard disk drives in laptop. The smaller hard disk space is one of the chief limitations of laptops. What are the advantages of laptop when john uses? John think when one thinks of laptops there are a few immediate advantages that come to mind. From John readings and personal experience these revolve around some of the following points: * The flexibility and mobility of laptops increases access time. * They tend to be lightweight-thus mobile. * Can easily be moved around the classroom. * Give you the option of being wireless. * Being able to have them in class away from a lab setting – time management factor * Portable on field trips. * One can get instant access to information (wireless or internet connected laptops) * Access in class to multiple online resources, search engines, encyclopedias and discussion groups * Participate in virtual communities. * Ability to communicate and research at multiple levels. * Digital brainstorming, outlining and presentations can be generated within classroom walls. * Note taking, webbing which then can be shared immediately. * ; Data processing, analysis; incorporating online databases and spreadsheets. * Student with data processing can immediately check their results and develop immediate in class analysis. * It works 2 – 3 hours without any electricity. * It is small and has low density and can everybody bring whit themselves. * Greater ability to share, communicate and access students files or vice versa teacher assignments. * Ability to display and demonstrate leaning using a TV monitor or projector in office, or class accessing. * And our laptops have games too, which in bored time we can play their. What are the Disadvantages of laptop? * Laptops are more expensive * Slower than a desktop * Difficult to upgrade or repair * John has to lug it around all day * Much easier to drop or break * It can be easily stolen * If he speed his type the laptop will probably rock on his laptop with his typing which can become quite uncomfortable. How good is it at fulfilling his personal needs? John recommends that laptop users carry out prolonged task with their machine set up on a desk, with an external keyboard a mouse attached. This allows them to adopt a much safer posture, rather than the position a laptop forces them into. John said: having a laptop means that I can work just about anywhere, and he also said: â€Å"If I go away for the weekend, I can take my work with me, and even do some of it on the train.† He uses his laptop computer to see connect it with TV and see some movies, songs, BBC and so on. What is John opinion about laptop using? John said: The use of laptop or notebook computer is widespread and many people use them regularly as part of the work process. Where a laptop is used regularly by people as a significant part of their day-to- day work, then these regulations will apply. In many cases employers will use the â€Å"one-hour† rule i.e. if a laptop is used continually for one hour or more than the employee will be classified as a user. There are three main categories of risk associated with laptop use: 1. Equipment design 2. The environment that they are to be used in. 3. Physical demands upon the use.

American Civil War and Union Army Essay

American Civil War and Union Army Essay American Civil War and Union Army Essay The Battle of Gettysburg First things first, the Battle of Gettysburg was the SECOND invasion of the North. And it only happened because General Lee forced General Hooker to retreat at the battle of Chancellorsville, and it made him think he could divide Pennsylvania and split the Union in two. In a way, he didn’t get his way. The battle began on July 1, 1862. Confederate troops were on the search for shoes and were met by Union troops in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. By the end of the first day of battle, 45,000 troops were engaged in battle and the Union troops were able to create and maintain defensive lines along Cemetery Ridge and hills known as Little Round Top and Big Round Top. F.Y.I: GENERAL MEADE WAS IN CHARGE OF THE UNION ARMY AT THIS TIME. HE WAS ALSO A LITTLE BABY, MEANING HE NEVER â€Å"WENT ON THE OFFENSIVE.† Little Round Top: The Ticking Clock Maneuver July 2, 1862 Colonel Chamberlain was in charge of protecting a hill known as Little Round Top. He ordered his men to move the cannons onto the hillside. He then split up the troops he had into groups. A regiment behind him, battalion to the right, and a brigade to the left. (For those who don’t know how many soldiers are in a Regiment, there are 1,ooo. There are 2 Regiments in a Brigade. There are anywhere from 300 to 1,200 men in a Battalion.) The Rebels attacked repeatedly and left the Union soldiers tired and gravely injured if they didn’t end up dying on the battle field. Even though the Union forces were spread thin, Colonel Chamberlain managed to defend Little Round Top using a maneuver where his troops â€Å"went on the offensive.† (This was after a couple of days of watching his men die so he decided that they would run towards the Rebels and see what would happen†¦. Brilliant strategy isn’t it?) They shot the Rebels from the top of the hill day one and two of the battle and nearing the end, his troops ran screaming down the hill towards the Rebels and killed those who didn’t retreat in time. This was one of the few times the Union army â€Å"went on the offense.† Cemetery Ridge: Pickett's Charge Maneuver July 3, 1862 Lieutenant General Longstreet was in charge of breaking up General Meade’s forces. First things first, General Longstreet did not want to make this charge. Whenever General Longstreet was asked whether or not he wanted his men to charge, he answered with a nod because it was what General Lee told him to do. (And one does not go against the General’s orders!) When his men charged forward, there was no real plan. They were not as organized as the Union army, but they always won the battles because they were much better shots than those city boys (Union soldiers). So they marched forward into the Union’s cannon range and knew that they would die. They fought for a cause that they truly believed in. Even though the Union forces were much bigger than the Rebels’, the Rebels never stopped coming forward. The Outcome: Devastation and Death For BOTH Sides This was the bloodiest battle of the civil war. About 93,000 Union soldiers were alive and on their way or at Gettysburg on July 1, 1862. Around 3,000 were killed, 14,000 (at least) were wounded, and 5,000 were missing or captured. About 71,000 Rebel soldiers were alive on their search for shoes in Pennsylvania on July 1, 1862. Around 4,000 were killed, 19,000 (at least) were wounded, and 5,000 were missing or captured. One thing that everyone forgot, was the fact that the battle site, where everyone was burying the fallen soldiers, belonged to farmers. So the United States bought the land and turned it into an official cemetery. The Gettysburg Address On November 19, 1863 a â€Å"dedication ceremony† took place at Gettysburg (which hereafter none to be Gettysburg Cemetery). Edward Everett was the main speaker and he spoke for TWO HOURS. He was a well renowned speaker and politician. Because of this, it made him the obvious choice to speak at the ceremony. A couple days in advance, the people planning the ceremony